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By reviewing ancient materia medica， prescription and medical books， combined with modern literature， the paper made textual research on the name， origin， producing area， quality evaluation， harvesting and processing methods of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix， so as to provide a basis for the selection and use of these two herbs in the development of famous classical formulas. Through textual research， it can be found that Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix were mixed together in the early history of China， but the distinction was first made during the Southern and Northern dynasties， and since then there have been constant controversies， and it is not until contemporary times that they are distinguished clearly. In the past dynasties， Duhuo and Qianghuo were used as the rectification of names， some aliases and trade names were also seen. Angelica biserrata is the mainstream origin of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix in the past dynasties， and there are many plants belonging to Angelica， Heracleum and Aralia， which are also used as this medicine. However， the origin of Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix used in the past dynasties is mostly Notopterygium incisum or N. franchetii， which is relatively uniform. The producing areas of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix are mostly concentrated in the western and northwestern regions of China， among which Angelicae Pubescentis Radix is mainly produced in Hubei， Chongqing， Sichuan， Shaanxi and other places， and the border area between Hubei and Chongqing is the geo-authentic area. Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix is mainly produced in Sichuan， Gansu， Qinghai， Shaanxi and others with the western and northern Sichuan and southern Gansu as the geo-authentic areas. Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix in the past dynasties were harvested in spring and autumn， especially in February and August of the lunar calendar. Angelicae Pubescentis Radix with strong main roots， few branches， firm texture and strong aroma is superior， and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix with strong rhizomes， tightly raised knots， purple-brown skin， tight cross-section， strong aroma and silkworm-like shape is superior. The processing methods of Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix are mostly cut after cutting the reeds， and the raw product is used as medicine. Based on the above research results， it is recommended that the roots of A. biserrata should be used for Angelicae Pubescentis Radix and the roots of N. incisum should be used for Notopterygii Rhizoma et Radix in the development of famous classical formulas， and raw products should be used in the formulas that do not specify processing requirements.
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OBJECTIVE@#To observe the effects of moxibustion at "Baihui" (GV 20) and "Dazhui" (GV 14) at different time points on the serum level of β-endorphin (β-EP), substance P (SP) and expression of interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) protein in brainstem in rats with migraine, and to explore the effect and mechanism of moxibustion in preventing and treating migraine.@*METHODS@#Forty male SD rats were randomly divided into a blank group, a model group, a prevention+treatment (PT) group and a treatment group, 10 rats in each group. Except the blank group, the rats in the remaining groups were injected with nitroglycerin subcutaneously to prepare migraine model. The rats in the PT group were treated with moxibustion 7 days before modeling (once a day) and 30 min after modeling, while the rats in the treatment group were treated with moxibustion 30 min after modeling. The "Baihui" (GV 20) and "Dazhui" (GV 14) were taken for 30 minutes each time. The behavioral scores in each group were observed before and after modeling. After intervention, ELISA method was used to detect the serum level of β-EP and SP; the immunohistochemistry method was used to detect the number of positive cells of IL-1β in brainstem; the Western blot method was used to detect the expression of COX-2 protein in brainstem.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the blank group, the behavioral scores in the model group were increased 0-30 min, 60-90 min and 90-120 min after modeling (P<0.01); compared with the model group, in the treatment group and the PT group, the behavioral scores were decreased 60-90 min and 90-120 min after modeling (P<0.01). Compared with the blank group, in the model group, the serum level of β-EP was decreased (P<0.01), while the serum level of SP, the number of positive cells of IL-1β in brainstem and the expression of COX-2 protein were increased (P<0.01). Compared with the model group, in the PT group and and the treatment group, the serum level of β-EP was increased (P<0.01), while the serum level of SP, the number of positive cells of IL-1β and the expression of COX-2 protein in brainstem were decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05). Compared with the treatment group, in the PT group, the serum level of β-EP was increased and COX-2 protein expression was decreased (P<0.05).@*CONCLUSION@#Moxibustion could effectively relieve migraine. The mechanism may be related to reduce the serum level of SP, IL-1β and COX-2 protein expression in brainstem, and increase the serum level of β-EP, and the optimal effect is observed in the PT group.
Subject(s)
Rats , Male , Animals , Moxibustion , Rats, Sprague-Dawley , Cyclooxygenase 2 , beta-Endorphin , Substance P , Interleukin-1beta , Migraine Disorders , Brain StemABSTRACT
Obesity is one of the most challenging global public health issues, and more than half of adults in Chia are overweight or obese. Obesity has been shown to be a risk factor for type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular disease, colon cancer and other specific cancers, and has become a serious threat and even a danger to the health and quality of life of the nation. With the mature development of bariatric surgery in the last 20 years, it is now widely recognized for its effectiveness and safety in the treatment of obesity and related metabolic diseases, as well as improving patients′ life expectancy and quality of life. However, previous data from the literatures suggest that some patients require revisional surgery after bariatric surgery, with the incidence of revisional bariatric surgery as 5% to 50%. The main reasons for revisional bariatric surgery are poor post-operative outcomes, including the lack of significant weight loss, weight regain and no significant improvement or even recurrence of associated metabolic disease, and other reasons include the development of anaemia, malnutrition and long-term chronic pain. Currently, there is only the East Asian expert consensus on revised bariatric surgery proposed by Chinese Society for Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery in 2018. However, there are still no uniform standards regarding the indications, contraindications and surgical modalities of revisional bariatric surgery in clinical practice. The authors summarize the latest researches of revisional bariatric surgery, in order to provide the guidance value for clinical practice.
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Objective:To compare the differences in distribution and prognosis of cervical cancer patients in the 2009 and 2018 editions of International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO) staging, and to analyze the prognostic factors of cervical cancer patients.Methods:The clinical data of 524 cervical cancer patients admitted to the First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University from January 2010 to December 2018 were retrospectively analyzed. The cases were staged according to the 2009 and 2018 FIGO staging, and the Kendall τb coefficient was calculated to compare the consistency of the distribution of the two stages. Kaplan-Meier was used for survival analysis, and log-rank test was used to test the difference of prognosis in each stage. Cox-regression was used to analyze the prognostic factors of cervical cancer patients.Results:In the 2009 FIGO edition of staging, 1 case of stage ⅠB1 was reduced to stage ⅠA1 due to the microscopic infiltration depth <5 mm, 51 cases of stage ⅠB1 were raised to stage ⅠB2 due to 2 cm<the maximum diameter of the tumor≤4 cm, and 43 cases of stage ⅠB2 were raised to stage ⅠB3 due to the maximum diameter of the tumor>4 cm. A total of 119 cases raised to stage ⅢC1 due to pelvic lymph node metastasis, and 11 cases raised to stage ⅢC2 due to para-aortic lymph node metastasis. The distribution of cases in the two stages was consistent (τb=0.61, P<0.001). There were statistically significant differences in overall survival (OS) ( χ2=107.13, P<0.001; χ2=93.02, P<0.001; χ2=92.74, P<0.001) and progression-free survival (PFS) ( χ2=91.95, P<0.001; χ2=77.69, P<0.001; χ2=73.27, P<0.001) among patients with different stages of FIGO in 2018 (ⅠA, ⅠB, Ⅱ, ⅢA, ⅢB, ⅢC1, ⅢC2, Ⅳ) and 2009 (ⅠA, ⅠB, Ⅱ, ⅢA, ⅢB, Ⅳ) and patients with different T stages (T 1, T 2, T 3, T 4). There were statistically significant differences in OS ( χ2=20.71, P<0.001) and PFS ( χ2=24.25, P<0.001) in 2018 FIGOⅠB and ⅢC stages, and there was a statistically significant difference in OS between stage ⅢC1 and stage ⅠB2 ( χ2=6.18, P=0.013). Multivariate analysis showed that age ( HR=1.88, 95% CI: 1.08-3.28, P=0.026), pathological type ( HR=2.11, 95% CI: 1.04-4.27, P=0.038), lymph node metastasis ( HR=2.18, 95% CI: 1.34-3.56, P=0.002), parametrial spread ( HR=2.56, 95% CI: 1.52-4.29, P<0.001), maximum tumor diameter ( HR=1.98, 95% CI: 1.18-3.30, P=0.009), squamous cell carcinoma antigen (SCCA) positive after treatment ( HR=4.49, 95% CI: 2.09-9.68, P<0.001) and Hemoglobin (HB) level before treatment ( HR=0.58, 95% CI: 0.35-0.96, P=0.035) were independent risk factors for OS in patients with cervical cancer. According to the 2018 FIGO stage, the 5-year OS rates of patients with stage ⅠB1, ⅠB2, ⅠB3 were 100%, 97.1% and 87.9% respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=7.79, P=0.020), and there was a statistically significant difference between stage ⅠB1 and ⅠB3 ( χ2=5.55, P=0.019). According to the 2009 FIGO stage, the 5-year OS rates of patients with stage ⅠB1 and ⅠB2 were 95.7% and 84.3% respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=9.08, P=0.003). For patients with 2018 FIGO stage ⅠB, SCCA positive after treatment ( HR=1 172.50, 95% CI: 10.37-132 554.51, P=0.003) was an independent risk factor for OS, and differentiation degree ( HR=0.09, 95% CI: 0.01-0.81, P=0.032), treatment method ( HR=0.17, 95% CI: 0.04-0.71, P=0.015) and SCCA positive after treatment ( HR=190.68, 95% CI: 14.27-2 547.67, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for PFS. For patients with 2018 FIGO stage ⅠB, stage ( HR=9.56, 95% CI: 2.38-38.32, P=0.001), SCCA positive after treatment ( HR=126.32, 95% CI: 12.36-1 290.60, P<0.001) and lymph node metastasis ( HR=20.07, 95% CI: 3.63-111.11, P=0.001) were independent risk factors for OS, and differentiation degree ( HR=0.11, 95% CI: 0.02-0.63, P=0.013), treatment method ( HR=0.22, 95% CI: 0.06-0.75, P=0.015) and SCCA positive after treatment ( HR=43.83, 95% CI: 7.94-241.84, P<0.001) were independent risk factors for PFS. According to the 2018 FIGO stage, the 5-year OS rates of patients with stage ⅡA and ⅡB were 95.7% and 75.6% respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=13.96, P<0.001). The 5-year PFS rates of patients with stage ⅡA and ⅡB were 83.1% and 67.1% respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=7.61, P=0.006). According to the 2009 FIGO stage, the 5-year OS rates of patients with stage ⅡA and ⅡB were 90.9% and 75.0% respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=8.85, P=0.003). The 5-year PFS rates of patients with stage ⅡA and ⅡB were 75.7% and 66.7% respectively, with a statistically significant difference ( χ2=4.07, P=0.044). For patients with 2018 FIGO stage Ⅱ, pathological type ( HR=20.28, 95% CI: 2.93-140.32, P=0.002) and stage ( HR=4.35, 95% CI: 1.02-18.55, P=0.047) were independent risks factors for OS. For patients with 2009 FIGO stage Ⅱ, pathological type ( HR=5.82, 95% CI: 1.62-20.94, P=0.007) was an independent risk factor for OS, and pathological type ( HR=3.09, 95% CI: 1.22-7.85, P=0.017) and lymph node metastasis ( HR=2.07, 95% CI: 1.22-3.51, P=0.007) were independent risk factors for PFS. For patients with 2018 FIGO stage Ⅲ, maximum tumor diameter ( HR=3.31, 95% CI: 1.45-7.56, P=0.005) and SCCA positive after treatment ( HR=4.67, 95% CI: 1.22-17.86, P=0.024) were independent risk factors for OS, and pathological type ( HR=4.15, 95% CI: 1.47-11.77, P=0.007) and SCCA positive after treatment ( HR=3.96, 95% CI: 1.45-10.86, P=0.007) were independent risk factors for PFS. Conclusion:The 2018 and 2009 FIGO staging have a good distribution consistency in the cervical cancer patients, and the 2018 FIGO stage ⅠB has more advantages in judging the prognosis, but stage ⅢC cannot accurately judge the prognosis. Lymph node metastasis and maximum tumor diameter are more important prognostic factors.
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Objective:To investigate differences in gut microbiota between patients with chronic spontaneous urticaria (CSU) and healthy controls.Methods:A total of 18 patients with CSU (CSU group) and 18 age- and gender-matched healthy controls (HC group) were enrolled from Department of Dermatology, Tianjin First Central Hospital between January 2019 and December 2019. Fecal samples were collected from these subjects, and total DNA was extracted. The 16S rRNA sequencing technology was used to identify microbial species in gut microbiota, and bioinformatics methods were applied to analyze differences in gut microbiota composition between the 2 groups. The SPSS 23.0 software was used for statistical analysis of the experimental data.Results:In terms of α diversity, there was no significant difference in the Observed OTU index, Chao1 index, Shannon index or Simpson index between the CSU group (161.28 ± 35.47, 161.31 ± 35.51, 5.15 ± 0.47, 0.94 ± 0.03, respectively) and HC group (154.89 ± 54.46, 154.92 ± 54.43, 4.92 ± 0.88, 0.91 ± 0.08, respectively; t = 0.417, 0.417, 0.952, 1.116, respectively, all P > 0.05) . In terms of β diversity, principal component analysis showed that the first and second principal components explained 6.66% and 4.93% respectively, and there was no significant difference in the microbiota structure between the 2 groups ( P = 0.672) . The relative abundance of the genus Holdemania in the gut microbiota significantly differed between the CSU group and HC group (0.04% vs. 0.01%, P = 0.025) . Conclusion:The gut microbiota differs between the patients with CSU and healthy controls.
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Bariatric and metabolic surgery is an effective treatment for obesity and its associated diseases. Gastric bypass has been the gold standard surgery, but now sleeve gastrectomy has become the most commonly used procedure, both procedures have certain disadvantages. In recent years, on the basis of sleeve gastrectomy, a variety of derivative procedures have been developed to improve the efficacy of sleeve gastrectomy. They mainly include sleeve gastrectomy with gastric banding, sleeve gastrectomy with jejunal bypass, sleeve gastrectomy with duodenal-jejunal bypass, single-anastomosis duodeno-ileal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy, stomach intestinal pylorus sparing and single-anastomosis duodenal-jejunal bypass with sleeve gastrectomy. The authors summarize the efficacy and safely of these new operations from sleeve gastrectomy and gastric bypass in order to provide certain references for clinical practice.
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External-beam radiotherapy is one of the principle treatment options for localized prostate cancer. Conventionally fractionated radiotherapy is widely used in clinical practice. Studies have shown that prostate cancer is highly sensitive to hypofractionated radiotherapy, also known as stereotactic body radiotherapy (SBRT), and increasing radiotherapy dose can significantly improve the local control rate of tumor. A number of recently completed researches have shown that SBRT is as effective as conventionally fractionated radiotherapy. In terms of radiation toxicity, the short-term toxicity of SBRT is more obvious than that of conventionally fractionated radiotherapy, but there is no significant difference in long-term toxicity. SBRT can provide more convenience for patients, and the medical cost is lower, so it has a great clinical application prospect.
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Objective:To explore the impact of behavioral intervention on scratching behavior of patients with senile pruritus.Methods:One hundred cases of senile pruritus were randomly divided into observation group ( n=50) and control group ( n=50). All subjects received oral antihistamine.The observation group received behavioral intervention based on the trans-theoretical model, and the control group received routine health education.Visual analogue scale (VAS), Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) and dermatology life quality index (DLQI) were used to compare the itching symptoms, sleep quality and quality of life of senile pruritus patients in the two groups. Results:After 6 months intervention, the change of scratching behavior in the observation group((1.96±1.54), (8.83±2.05), (10.46±2.24)) was significantly better than those in the control group((4.68±1.48), (12.89±2.02), (14.62±2.12)), and the differences were statistically significant (all P<0.01). Conclusion:Health intervention based on trans-theoretical model can effectively change scratching behavior, relieve itching symptoms, improve sleep quality and the quality of life of senile pruritus patients.
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Objective:To investigate the predictive value of visceral fat area (VFA) on multiple metabolic risk factors in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery.Methods:The retrospective case-control study was conducted. The clinical data of 146 obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery in the West China Hospital of Sichuan University from June 2015 to May 2020 were collected. There were 57 males and 89 females, aged (33±9)years, with a range from 15 to 65 years. All patients underwent multi-slice spiral computed tomography (CT) examination, and the total fat area (TFA), VFA and subcutaneous fat area (SFA) were measured. Observation indicators: (1) CT findings of abdominal fat area and patients with multiple metabolic risk factors; (2) receiver operator characteristic(ROC) curve of different clinical indicators for predicting multiple metabolic risk factors; (3) relationship between different VFA and clinicopathological features in patients; (4) analysis of factors influencing multiple metabolic risk factors in patients. Measurement data with normal distribution were expressed as Mean± SD, and comparison between groups was analyzed by independent sample t test. Measurement data with skewed distribution were expressed as M (range) and comparison between groups was analyzed by nonparametric rank sum test. Count data were represented as absolute numbers, and comparison between groups was analyzed using the chi-square test. The ROC curve was used to analyze the predictive value of different clinical indicators for multiple metabolic risk factors in patients. Logistic regression analysis was used for univariate and multivariate analysis. Results:(1) CT findings of abdominal fat area and patients with multiple metabolic risk factors. CT findings of 146 patients showed that VFA was (212±122)cm 2, SFA was (419±147)cm 2, visceral-to-subcutaneous fat ratio (VSR) was 0.60±0.54. The levels of systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure, fasting blood glucose (FBG), triglyceride and highdensity lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) were (131±16)mmHg(1 mmHg=0.133 kPa), (86±12)mmHg, (6.4±2.5)mmol / L, 4.43 mmol /L(range, 1.23-9.99 mmol/L), (1.5±1.3)mmol/L, respectively. Among the 146 patients, 85 had impaired FBG or diabetes, 82 had hypertension, 139 had high triglyceride, 91 had low serum HDL-C; 128 had multiple metabolic risk factors. (2) ROC curve analysis of different clinical indicators for predicting multiple metabolic risk factors: the ROC curve showed that VFA had better ability to predict or diagnose multiple metabolic risk factors in patients ( hazard ratio=0.617, 95% confidence interval as 0.470-0.764, P<0.05). The cutoff value of VFA was 163.52 cm 2 by calculating Yoden index in ROC curve. (3) Relationship between different VFA and clinicopathological features in patients: according to the cutoff value of 163.52 cm 2 in ROC curve, 146 patients were divided into high VFA group (≥163.52 cm 2) and the low VFA group (<163.52 cm 2), with 49 cases and 97 cases respectively. Cases with hypertension, level of SBP, cases with impaired FBG or diabetes, cases with multiple metabolic risk factors were 64, (134±17)mmHg, 63, 90 for the high VFA group, versus 18, (127±13)mmHg, 22, 38 for the low VFA group; there were significant differences in above indicators between the two groups ( χ2=11.309, t=6.916, χ2=5.380, 6.988, P<0.05). (4) Analysis of factors influencing multiple metabolic risk factors in patients: results of univariate analysis showed that VFA was a related factor for multiple metabolic risk factors in patients ( hazard ratio=3.722, 95% confidence interval as 1.341-10.328, P<0.05). Results of multivariate analysis showed that the VFA≥163.52 cm 2 was an independent rsik factcor or multiple metabolic risk factors in patients ( hazard ratio=5.182, 95% confidence interval as 1.441-18.641, P<0.05). Conclusions:VFA is positively correlated with hypertension, systolic blood pressure, impaired FBG and diabetes. VFA≥163.52 cm 2 is an independent predictor for multiple metabolic risk factors in obese patients undergoing bariatric surgery.
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Objective To investigate the anti-injury and anti-inflammation protective effects of metformin in acute-liver-injury SD rat model induced by D-galactosamine and Pam3CSK4 .Methods Eighteen male Sprague-Dawley rats were treated with the mixture of D-galactosamine (350 mg/kg ) and Pam3CSK4 (50 μg/kg ) by intraperitoneal injection (i .p .) to construct acute liver injury model .The rats in intervention group were given PBS and metformin ,respectively .The liver and body weight were measured and the ratio of liver weight to body weight was calculated .HE staining was used to observe the pathological changes of the liver .Fasting serum was collected for detection of serological parameters .ELISA and RT-qPCR were used to determine the expression levels of IL-6 and TNF-α.Finally , activation of MAPK signal pathway in rat liver was detected by Western blot .Results Compared with those in control group , the ratio of body weight to liver weight , serum transaminase and proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-a were all significantly increased in the two intervention groups .Meanwhile , hepatic degeneration and hepatic interstitial exudation indicated that D -galactosamine combined with Pam3CSK4 successfully constructed acute liver injury model in the SD rats.Compared with PBS group, the ratio of body weight to liver weight , hepatic damage , serum transaminase levels.and the expressions of proinflammatory cytokines IL-6 and TNF-a were significantly decreased in metformin-treated group.Meanwhile,the expressions of p-ERKl/2,p-SAPK/JNK and p-P38 MAPK decreased in liver tissues by metformin pretreatment,suggesting that metformin may play an anti-inflammatory effect by suppressing MAPK signaling pathway.Conclusion Metformin attenuated inflammatory reactions in SD rats with acute liver injury induced by D -galactosamine and Pam3CSK4.
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Aim To study the therapeutic effect of re-combinant human acidic fibroblast growth factor (rh-aFGF) carbomer 940 gel in the treatment of skin wound healing in type I diabetic rats. Methods Two types of skin trauma models, namely, full-thickness wound and scalded wound,were established in a model of type I diabetes mellitus using STZ-induced SD rats. The rats were divided into control group, vehicle group,90 AU rh-aFGF gel group and 270 AU rh-aFGF gel group in each skin wound models. The wound area and wound healing rate were used to evaluate the thera-peutic effect. The growth of fibroblasts, fibrocytes, collagen fibers and vessel capillaries in the wound was observed using HE staining and analysed by semi-quantitative score. Results The rh-aFGF carbomer gel significantly reduced the traumatic area as well as promoted the wound healing rate of the skin trauma model of SD rats of type I diabetes mellitus (P <0.05). HE staining showed that rh-aFGF carbomer gel significantly promoted the pathological score of fibro-blasts and collagen fibers(P<0.05). Conclusions rh-aFGF carbomer gel might play a protective role in micro-environment of wound and rh-aFGF, which could benefit for proliferation of fibroblasts and colla-gen, therefore promoting the healing process of skin wound in SD rats with type I diabetes mellitus, and it might be expected to be a new preparation for the treat-ment of chronic trauma in diabetes mellitus.
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Objective:To investigate the changes of PERK,Runx2,osterix,RANKL and OPG in bone tissue of the female rats with experimental postmenopausal osteoporosis(PMOP)before and after treatment,and to elucidate the role of PERK signaling pathway in PMOP.Methods:The ovariectomized rats were reproduced to osteoporosis models.A total of 45 rats were divided into normal control group(the rats didn't receive any treatment,n=15),osteoporosis group(the rats were ovariectomized,n=15)and osteoporosis treatment group (the ovariectomized rats were injected with estrogen through caudal vein,n=15).The changes of serum collagenⅠ(Col Ⅰ),alkaline phosphatase(ALP)and osteocalcin(OCN)of the rats in various groups were observed. Three months after feeding,the femoral shaft of the rats in various groups were taken for pathological section.The gene expression levels of PERK,ATF4,Runx2,osterix,RANKL and OPG in bone tissue of the rats in various groups were detected by RT-PCR;the protein expression levels of PERK,ATF4,Runx2,osterix,RANKL and OPG were detected by Western blotting method.Results:Compared with control group,the levels of serum Col Ⅰ,ALP and OCN in the rats in osteoporosis group were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);compared with osteoporosis group,the levels of serum ColⅠ,ALP and OCN of the rats in osteoporosis treatment group were significantly increased(P<0.01).Compared with control group,the gene expression levels of PERK, ATF4,Runx2 and osterix in bone tissue of the rats in osteoporosis group were significantly decreased(P<0.01), and the gene expression level of RANKL was increased(P<0.01);compared with osteoporosis group,the gene expression levels of PERK,ATF4 Runx2 and osterix in bone tissue of the rats in osteoporosis treatment group were significantly increased(P<0.01),and the gene expression level of RANKL was significantly decreased(P<0.01).Compared with control group,the protein expression levels of PERK,Runx2 and osterix in bone tissue of the rats in osteoporosis group were significantly decreased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the protein expression level of RANKL were increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01);compared with osteoporosis group,the protein expression levels of PERK,Runx2 and osterix in bone tissue of the rats in osteoporosis treatment group were significantly increased(P<0.05 or P<0.01),and the protein expression level of RANKL was significantly decreased(P<0.01).The HE staining results showed that compared with control group,the bone resorption pits in bone tissue of the rats in osteoporosis group became large with the increased bone absorption,which caused bone loss;compared with osteoporosis group,the resorption in bone tissue of the rats in osteoporosis treatment group was decreased,and the bone structure returned to normal.Conclusion:After the female rats are ovariectomized and injected with estrogen,the expression trends of PERK and osteoblast transcription factors Runx2 and osterix are consistent,in contrast with the osteoclast transcription factor RANKL expression,suggesting that the osteoblast function is reduced and it is related to the decreased expression of PERK in PMOP onset.
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In this study,we compared the serum levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1),interleukin-10 (IL-10),and arginase-1 in long-term survival kidney transplant recipients (LTSKTRs) with those in short-term survival kidney transplant recipients (STSKTRs).We then evaluated the relationship between these levels and graft function.Blood samples were collected from 50 adult LTSKTRs and 20 STSKTRs (graft survival approximately 1-3 years post-transplantation).All patients had stable kidney function.The samples were collected at our institution during the patients' follow-up examinations between March 2017 and September 2017.The plasma levels of TGF-β1,IL-10,and arginase-1 were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).The levels of TGF-β1 and arginase-1 were significantly higher in the LTSKTRs than in the STSKTRs.The time elapsed since transplantation was positively correlated with the levels of TGF-β 1 and arginase-1 in the LTSKTRs.The estimated glomerular filtration rate was positively correlated with the TGF-β1 level,and the serum creatinine level was negatively correlated with the TGF-β1 level.Higher serum levels of TGF-β1 and arginase-1 were found in LTSKTRs than in STSKTRs,and we found that TGF-β1 was positively correlated with long-term graft survival and function.Additionally,TGF-β1 and arginase-1 levels were positively correlated with the time elapsed since transplantation.On the basis of these findings,TGF-β1 and arginase-1 may play important roles in determining long-term graft survival.Thus,we propose that TGF-β1 and arginase-1 may potentially be used as predictive markers for evaluating long-term graft survival.
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In this study,we compared the serum levels of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1),interleukin-10 (IL-10),and arginase-1 in long-term survival kidney transplant recipients (LTSKTRs) with those in short-term survival kidney transplant recipients (STSKTRs).We then evaluated the relationship between these levels and graft function.Blood samples were collected from 50 adult LTSKTRs and 20 STSKTRs (graft survival approximately 1-3 years post-transplantation).All patients had stable kidney function.The samples were collected at our institution during the patients' follow-up examinations between March 2017 and September 2017.The plasma levels of TGF-β1,IL-10,and arginase-1 were analyzed using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISA).The levels of TGF-β1 and arginase-1 were significantly higher in the LTSKTRs than in the STSKTRs.The time elapsed since transplantation was positively correlated with the levels of TGF-β 1 and arginase-1 in the LTSKTRs.The estimated glomerular filtration rate was positively correlated with the TGF-β1 level,and the serum creatinine level was negatively correlated with the TGF-β1 level.Higher serum levels of TGF-β1 and arginase-1 were found in LTSKTRs than in STSKTRs,and we found that TGF-β1 was positively correlated with long-term graft survival and function.Additionally,TGF-β1 and arginase-1 levels were positively correlated with the time elapsed since transplantation.On the basis of these findings,TGF-β1 and arginase-1 may play important roles in determining long-term graft survival.Thus,we propose that TGF-β1 and arginase-1 may potentially be used as predictive markers for evaluating long-term graft survival.
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A method for the determination of 15 kinds of nitroaromatics in aqueous samples was developed by dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction and gas chromatography with electron capture detection. A high-density extractant applied in electron capture detector was screened out. The chromatographic conditions, types and dosages of extractants, types and dosages of dispersants, extraction time and the extraction temperature were optimized. The results showed that DB-35 capillary column had the best separation performance for the 15 kinds of nitroaromatics. The nitroaromatics could be separated within 22 min using programmed temperature control as follows: holding at an initial temperature of 80℃ and then heating to 180℃ at a ramping rate of 5℃ / min. For the extraction of 15 kinds of nitroaromatics from 5 mL of aqueous sample, the extraction equilibrium could be reached within 30 s with a high extraction recovery of over 90%when using 100 μL of chlorobenzene as extracting solvent and 400 μL of methanol as disperser solvent. In addition, the enrichment factor could approach a high value of 45. 0 - 48. 8. The sediment collected by centrifugation was injected and analyzed by gas chromatography with electron capture detector. The limits of quantification of the developed method were 0. 03 - 0. 15 μg / L ( S / N = 10). The linear range was from 0. 20 μg / L to 50. 0 μg / L, while the correlation coefficients (R2 ) were more than 0. 998. At the spiked level of 0. 200 μg / L, the relative standard deviations of this method were 3. 3% -8. 9% , the relative recoveries ranged from 86. 0% to 103. 5% . At higher spiked level, the relative standard deviations were less than 5% , and the relative recoveries ranged from 94. 5% to 101. 5% .
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Objective To isolate endophytic fungi from the fresh leaves of Dioscorea nipponica Makino,and to determine their antimicrobial activities.Methods Endophytic fungi from the fresh leaves of Dioscorea nipponica Makino were isolated by tissue isolation method,and the preliminary identification was carried out by slide plate culture,tissue culture,and plug culture.After isolating the endophytic fungi,the antimicrobial activity from the isolated endophytic fungi was detected using filter paper method with Staphylococcus aureus,Staphylococcus albus,Staphylococcus citreu,Micrococcus tetragenus,Escherichia coli,Salmonella typhi,Pseudomonas aeruginosa,Bacterium termo,Bacillus endocarditidiscapsulatus,Shigella flexneri,Bacterium paratyphosum B indicator microorganisms.Results A total of 52 strains of the endophytic fungi were isolated.According to morphological characteristics,10 endophytic fungi producing spores were identified as two orders,three families,and nine genera.The extracts of fungal mycelium had the antibiotic activity of strains of C37,C30,and C50.With the identification by morphology and molecular biology,strain C37 was determined to belong to the genus Gibberella,and C30,C50 to Alternaria.Conclusion The antibacterial activity of these endophytes in the leaves ofDioscorea nipponica Makino could be exploited for the development of new antibacterial biological agents.
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Objective: To observe the difference of the effect of low-frequency electroacupuncture (EA) on blood lipids between male and female patients with simple obesity due to damp induced by spleen deficiency. Methods: Eighty patients with simple obesity were recruited, including 37 males and 43 females, to receive low-frequency EA by selecting Yinlingquan (SP 10), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zusanli (ST 36), Fenglong (ST 40), Quchi (LI 11), Tianshu (ST 25), Zhongwan (CV 12), Shuifen (CV 9), Qihai (CV 6) and Guanyuan (CV 4), with needles retained for 30 min. The treatment was given once a day, 10 sessions as a treatment course, for 2 courses in total. The contents of body fat percentage (F%), total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), blood glucose (Glu) and adiponectin (ADPN) in serum were observed to see the changes, and the two groups were compared and analyzed. Results: After the treatment, F%, and serum contents of TC, TG, LDL, Glu and ADPN dropped significantly in the two groups (P<0.05 or P<0.01) and the serum content of HDL increased significantly in male group (P<0.05). The decrease of F% in female group was more significant than that in male group (P<0.01); the decrease of ADPN in male group was more significant than that in female group (P<0.05). Conclusion: EA can regulate the disordered blood lipids in male and female patients with simple obesity, with certain differences between genders. The decrease of subcutaneous fat content is more significant in females than that in males, while the decrease of ADPN is more significant in males.
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Objective · To evaluate the influence of cathepsin S(CatS) on the severity of communicating hydrocephalus in a kaolin injected mouse model.Methods · Kaolin suspension was injected to 8 CatS knock-out (CatS -/-) mice and 12 wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice through cisterna magna to establish communicating hydrocephalus mouse model. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used before and 1 week after kaolin injection to compare lateral ventricular volume. Lateral ventricular index was calculated to analyze the severity of hydrocephalus. Results · One week after kaolin injection,1 in CatS -/- group and 2 in WT group died. The mortality rate was 12.5% each and there was no significant difference (P=1.000). MRI results showed varying degrees of ventriculomegaly in both groups. Lateral ventricular index of CatS -/-group (n=8) and WT group (n=16) before kaolin injection was 0.05±0.01 and 0.04±0.01 respectively (P=0.720). One week after kaolin injection, lateral ventricular index of CatS-/- group (n=7) and WT group (n=14)was 0.13±0.02 and 0.11±0.01 respectively (P=0.950). In each group, in 71.4% of mice, lateral ventricular index enlarged twice or more. Conclusion · One week after kaolin injection into cisterna magna, lateral ventricles enlarges obviously, indicating hydrocephalus occurs, with high success rate. CatS gene deficiency has no significant influence on the development of communicating hydrocephalus.
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Objective · To evaluate the influence of cathepsin S(CatS) on the severity of communicating hydrocephalus in a kaolin injected mouse model.Methods · Kaolin suspension was injected to 8 CatS knock-out (CatS -/-) mice and 12 wild type (WT) C57BL/6 mice through cisterna magna to establish communicating hydrocephalus mouse model. Cerebral magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was used before and 1 week after kaolin injection to compare lateral ventricular volume. Lateral ventricular index was calculated to analyze the severity of hydrocephalus. Results · One week after kaolin injection,1 in CatS -/- group and 2 in WT group died. The mortality rate was 12.5% each and there was no significant difference (P=1.000). MRI results showed varying degrees of ventriculomegaly in both groups. Lateral ventricular index of CatS -/-group (n=8) and WT group (n=16) before kaolin injection was 0.05±0.01 and 0.04±0.01 respectively (P=0.720). One week after kaolin injection, lateral ventricular index of CatS-/- group (n=7) and WT group (n=14)was 0.13±0.02 and 0.11±0.01 respectively (P=0.950). In each group, in 71.4% of mice, lateral ventricular index enlarged twice or more. Conclusion · One week after kaolin injection into cisterna magna, lateral ventricles enlarges obviously, indicating hydrocephalus occurs, with high success rate. CatS gene deficiency has no significant influence on the development of communicating hydrocephalus.
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To observe the effect of active components group of Xiaoxuming decoction (XXMD) on brain mitochondria in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rats during early recovery period, and study its protective mechanism for nerves in cerebral ischemia/reperfusion rats during early recovery period. Cerebral ischemia model of middle cerebral artery occlusion in rats was established by suture method, and reperfusion was conducted 2 h later. The degree of cerebral ischemia in rats was evaluated by using Zea-Longa's standard grading method, and the model rats were randomly divided into model group, Xiaoxuming decoction active components low, medium and high dose groups and positive drug Ginaton group, with sham operated rats as control group. Gradient centrifugation was used to extract the mitochondria from rat brain after 5 days of drug administration. Then the mitochondrial respiratory function was measured by Clark oxygen electrode method; mitochondrial membrane potential and the mitochondrial reactive oxygen species(ROS) level were detected by fluorescence probe methods; and the activity of mitochondrial succinodehydrogenase (SDH) and the content of ATP in the ischemic region of MCAO rats were measured by spectrophotometric method. The results showed that as compared with the model group, XXMD could significantly improve mitochondrial respiratory activity, increase the activity of SDH, reduce the level of ROS, increase mitochondrial membrane potential and obviously promote the synthesis of ATP in brain tissues. The results indicated that XXMD active components group could alleviate the energy metabolism disorders, protect brain mitochondrial damage and improve mitochondrial function in MCAO rats, which may be the mechanism of its neuroprotection activity.